Exploiting Asymmetric Links in a Convergecast Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
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چکیده
Most of the existing routing protocol designed for WSNs assume that links are symmetric which is in contradiction to the reality of these networks. Indeed, asymmetric links cannot be ignored in WSNs as they can be predominant. The apparition of asymmetric links can dramatically decrease routing protocols that are not designed to support them by decreasing the delivery ratio and increasing the duplicated packet received at the destination. Obviously, most of the existing routing protocols prune the asymmetric links and only maintain the symmetric ones. From our point of view, the asymmetric links have to be considered as they can be effective in the network connectivity insurance. Moreover, they open new opportunities to improve the performance of routing protocols. From this perspective and in order to take benefit from asymmetric links, we propose a routing protocol for data collection in WSNs called AsymRP (Asymmetric Routing Protocol). AsymRP is a convergecast routing protocol which is based on a 2-hop neighbor knowledge combined with implicit and explicit source routing acknowledgment. Our proposal takes advantage of asymmetric links, enables the network to achieve higher delivery ratio while reducing significantly the number of duplicated packets and hop counts. Our simulation results show that our proposal AsymRP can significantly outperform traditional routing protocols in the presence of asymmetric links in the network. Key-words: Heterogeneous Networks, Wireless Sensor Networks, Asymmetric Links, Data-Collection. § This work was partially funded by the ANR VERSO ARESA2 project ∗ Corresponding author † University of Lyon, INRIA, INSA Lyon, CITI, F-69621, France ‡ Orange Labs Meylan France in ria -0 05 81 60 3, v er si on 3 30 N ov 2 01 1 Exploitation des liens asymétriques pour un routage convergecast pour les WSNs Résumé : Plusieurs études et approches ont conçu des protocoles de routage pour les réseaux de capteurs sans fil (WSNs) et les réseaux de capteurs et actionneurs (WSANs). Néanmoins, la plupart d’entre eux supposent que les liens constituants le réseau sont symétriques qui est en contradiction avec la réalité de ces réseaux. En effet, les liens asymétriques ne peuvent pas être ignorés dans les WSNs et les WSANs, car ils peuvent être prédominants. L’apparition de liens asymétriques peut considérablement dégrader les performances des protocoles de routage qui ne considèrent pas ce type de liens. De notre point de vue, les liens asymétriques doivent être considérés comme ils peuvent être efficaces dans l’assurance de la connectivité du réseau. Par ailleurs, ils ouvrent de nouvelles opportunités pour améliorer les performances des protocoles de routage. Dans cette perspective et afin de tirer profit de ces liens asymétriques, nous proposons un protocole de routage pour la collecte des données dédiés aux WSNs et WSANs appelé AsymRP (Asymmetric Routing Protocol). AsymRP est un protocole de routage convergecast qui est basé sur une connaissance de voisinage à 2-sauts combiné avec l’utilisation des messages d’acquittements (ACKs) implicites et une technique de routage de messages ACKs explicites. Notre proposition tire profit des liens asymétriques, permet d’assurer un taux de livraison élevé tout en réduisant significativement le nombre de messages dupliqués et le nombre de sauts de bout-en-bout. Nos résultats de simulation montrent que notre proposition AsymRP surpasse nettement les protocoles de routage traditionnels lors de la présence de liens asymétriques dans le réseau. Mots-clés : Réseau de capteurs, Hétérogénéité, Liens asymétriques, Routage convergcast in ria -0 05 81 60 3, v er si on 3 30 N ov 2 01 1 Exploiting Asymmetric Links in a Convergecast Routing Protocol for WSNs 3
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تاریخ انتشار 2012